You need to know how to measure the current that flows through a component in a circuit and the voltage across it. The ammeter must be connected in series with the component – remember, in a series ...

Voltage is a measure of the difference in energy between one part of a circuit and another. It tells you how much electrical energy has been converted into other forms of energy. Voltage is measured ...

Previous installments of this series discussed the need to verify SPICE model accuracy and how to measure the output impedance and small-signal bandwidth of operational amplifier (op amp) models. In ...